Japan

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) presents a double-edged sword in the fight against climate change. While EVs cut tailpipe emissions, researchers at Ritsumeikan University say demand for raw materials could triple by 2050. Lithium-ion batteries, the power behind EVs, could account for over half the car industry's resource needs by then.

Advertisment

This surge stems from two key factors. Firstly, battery production itself gobbles up resources like lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite. Secondly, unlike a petrol engine with one life, EVs need battery replacements during their lifespan, adding to the material demand. However, these issues can be mitigated with certain solutions that have been suggested by the recent study. A few of these suggestions include the promotion of longer vehicle lifespan, car-sharing services and more efficient battery tech.

But unlike the throwaway culture of fossil fuels, EVs offer a chance for a more circular economy. The study, published in Resources, Conservation and Recycling, proposes a range of "circular economy strategies" to curb resource use. These include extending vehicle lifespans through better design and maintenance, promoting car-sharing services to get the most out of each vehicle, and most importantly, improving battery recycling techniques. Researchers estimate that car-sharing and advanced battery recycling alone could bring resource demand down by up to 43% and 40% respectively.

The UK government, along with others worldwide, is setting ambitious EV targets, reflecting the pressing need to tackle climate change. They aim for all new car sales to be electric by 2035. While battery technology is rapidly advancing, with companies like Samsung promising lightning-fast charging and extended lifespans, responsible sourcing of raw materials and a move towards a circular economy will be vital for a sustainable EV future.

Advertisment

The Ritsumeikan study underscores the need for a multi-pronged approach. Investing in research for next-generation batteries with longer lifespans and lower material requirements can further reduce resource demands. Additionally, the continued exploration of ethical and sustainable sources of raw materials is essential. By taking a holistic approach that considers not just the car itself but the entire life cycle of its materials, the EV revolution can achieve its environmental goals without jeopardising resource sustainability.