<p>So far, it&rsquo;s all been about allies, but this week will be different. US President Donald Trump is set to host his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping for a two-day summit at his exclusive Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida on April 6-7.</p>

<p>The meeting between the leaders of the world&rsquo;s biggest economies, as Trump predicted in a tweet, is expected to be &ldquo;a difficult one&rdquo;. Sino-US ties had witnessed steady growth under Barack Obama, both in style and substance.</p>

<p>For starters, Obama&rsquo;s much-vaunted and now abandoned pivot to Asia led to anxieties in Beijing &ndash; the kinds that Obama sought to sooth by becoming the first US president to visit China during his first year in office.</p>

<p>Through Obama&rsquo;s terms in office, Sino-US ties grew within a theoretical framework of expanding cooperation while containing conflict. In a sense that axiom was adhered to.</p>

<p>While the Obama White House resisted the Chinese narrative of designating ties as a &ldquo;new type of great power relationship,&rdquo; Obama did acknowledge that the China-US relationship was the &ldquo;most important bilateral relationship of the 21st century&rdquo;.</p>

<p>Despite the inherent frictions in the relationship, Obama and Xi met on 11 different occasions since 2013. Their interactions often showcased a strong personal rapport, whether it was in the heat of the desert in Sunnylands in 2013 or under the cool blue lights of the imperial gardens of Zhongnanhai in November 2014.</p>

<p>While fundamental irritants - such as North Korea, the South China Sea dispute, differences at the UN Security Council, along with trade, currency valuation and cyber-security &ndash; have persisted, there has been historic cooperation in areas where interests have coincided, such as combating climate change and arriving at a deal with Iran on its nuclear programme.</p>

<p>Most importantly, however, the Obama years showed that strategic containment of China is a venture that is destined to fail. For instance, while Obama negotiated the TPP, which today lies in ruins, China has moved ahead with its Belt and Road Initiative and expanded its influence through the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).</p>

<p>With the arrival of Trump and his hostile approach to economic globalisation, Xi has sought to position himself as the face of an interconnected world, as evident in his recent address in Davos.</p>

<p>Another such scenario was witnessed last week. As Trump signed an executive order to demolish an array of anti-global warming policies at home, Chinese state media showcased images of Xi planting trees with primary school students in Beijing, promising to build an ecological civilisation. While Trump has indicated that he will be pulling out of the Paris climate change accord, Xi has vowed that China will remain true to its commitments to combat global warming.</p>

<p>So, when it comes to optics, Beijing has clearly out-done the Trump White House, although given the new US President&rsquo;s rhetorical incoherence, one can legitimately argue that this wasn&rsquo;t really a difficult task.</p>

<p>In terms of the bilateral relationship, Trump, it seems, has steadily climbed down from the vitriol of the campaign and transition periods.</p>

<p>For instance, in December Trump called Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, raising doubts whether he would respect the One-China policy. By February, however, he agreed to support the One-China policy during a phone conversation with Xi.</p>

<p>Likewise, all the campaign trail threats of designating China as a currency manipulator have not led to any policy action so far. Moreover, as has been the case so far under Trump, the President&rsquo;s off-the-cuff and often abrasive Twitter rhetoric has been balanced out by his diplomatic emissaries.</p>

<p>During his visit to Beijing in March, US Secretary of State, Rex Tillerson, went as far as borrowing Chinese catchphrases - &ldquo;non-confrontation&rdquo;, &ldquo;no conflict&rdquo;, &ldquo;mutual respect&rdquo; and &ldquo;win-win solutions&rdquo; - to describe Sino-US ties. That led to a rather strange media debate, with commentators speculating that despite the Twitter hostility, the new US administration will actually be more accommodating of China&rsquo;s great power narrative than Obama was.</p>

<p>Finally, while Trump has continued to lash out at Beijing for not doing enough to rein in an aggressive Pyongyang and threatened to go it alone against the North with the military option being on the table, the truth is that there are very few realistic options available for Washington to explore.</p>

<p>China, which accounts for nearly 70 per cent of Pyongyang&rsquo;s trade, says that its influence over North Korea is overstated by Washington. It has consistently argued that it is Washington&rsquo;s aggression, such as the recent joint military drills with Seoul in the region, which is making it difficult to bring Pyongyang to the negotiating table.</p>

<p>Beijing has reportedly proposed a &quot;double halt&quot; approach, with all sides dialing down the aggression. But that&rsquo;s a concept that the US State Department has already dismissed.</p>

<p>If for argument&#39;s sake, we assume that Trump is correct and that Beijing can do more to contain North Korea, but has been shirking that responsibility, then what is it that Washington can offer to encourage a policy shift?</p>

<p>In an interview to the Financial Times ahead of Xi&rsquo;s visit, Trump is quoted as saying &ldquo;trade is the incentive. It&rsquo;s all about trade&rdquo;. But given that the US trade deficit with China stands at $347 billion, a figure that Trump has promised to bring down, what sort of incentives can Trump realistically offer? Perhaps, we&rsquo;ll all have a better idea by April 6.</p>

<p>But from assessing what we&rsquo;ve seen so far, don&rsquo;t hold your breath: Trump isn&rsquo;t likely to follow up on the tough talk with serious action or a grand bargain just yet.</p>

<p>(WION)</p>


Washington expects Beijing to do more in reining in North Korea but what incentives can US offer for such a policy shift remains to be seen

So far, it’s all been about allies, but this week will be different. US President Donald Trump is set to host his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping for a two-day summit at his exclusive Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida on April 6-7. The meeting between the leaders of the world’s biggest economies, as Trump predicted in a tweet, is expected to be “a difficult one”. Sino-US ties had witnessed steady growth under Barack Obama, both in style and substance. For starters, Obama’s much-vaunted and now abandoned pivot to Asia led to anxieties in Beijing – the kinds that Obama sought to sooth by becoming the first US president to visit China during his first year in office. Through Obama’s terms in office, Sino-US ties grew within a theoretical framework of expanding cooperation while containing conflict. In a sense that axiom was adhered to. While the Obama White House resisted the Chinese narrative of designating ties as a “new type of great power relationship,” Obama did acknowledge that the China-US relationship was the “most important bilateral relationship of the 21st century”. Despite the inherent frictions in the relationship, Obama and Xi met on 11 different occasions since 2013. Their interactions often showcased a strong personal rapport, whether it was in the heat of the desert in Sunnylands in 2013 or under the cool blue lights of the imperial gardens of Zhongnanhai in November 2014. While fundamental irritants - such as North Korea, the South China Sea dispute, differences at the UN Security Council, along with trade, currency valuation and cyber-security – have persisted, there has been historic cooperation in areas where interests have coincided, such as combating climate change and arriving at a deal with Iran on its nuclear programme. Most importantly, however, the Obama years showed that strategic containment of China is a venture that is destined to fail. For instance, while Obama negotiated the TPP, which today lies in ruins, China has moved ahead with its Belt and Road Initiative and expanded its influence through the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). With the arrival of Trump and his hostile approach to economic globalisation, Xi has sought to position himself as the face of an interconnected world, as evident in his recent address in Davos. Another such scenario was witnessed last week. As Trump signed an executive order to demolish an array of anti-global warming policies at home, Chinese state media showcased images of Xi planting trees with primary school students in Beijing, promising to build an ecological civilisation. While Trump has indicated that he will be pulling out of the Paris climate change accord, Xi has vowed that China will remain true to its commitments to combat global warming. So, when it comes to optics, Beijing has clearly out-done the Trump White House, although given the new US President’s rhetorical incoherence, one can legitimately argue that this wasn’t really a difficult task. In terms of the bilateral relationship, Trump, it seems, has steadily climbed down from the vitriol of the campaign and transition periods. For instance, in December Trump called Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, raising doubts whether he would respect the One-China policy. By February, however, he agreed to support the One-China policy during a phone conversation with Xi. Likewise, all the campaign trail threats of designating China as a currency manipulator have not led to any policy action so far. Moreover, as has been the case so far under Trump, the President’s off-the-cuff and often abrasive Twitter rhetoric has been balanced out by his diplomatic emissaries. During his visit to Beijing in March, US Secretary of State, Rex Tillerson, went as far as borrowing Chinese catchphrases - “non-confrontation”, “no conflict”, “mutual respect” and “win-win solutions” - to describe Sino-US ties. That led to a rather strange media debate, with commentators speculating that despite the Twitter hostility, the new US administration will actually be more accommodating of China’s great power narrative than Obama was. Finally, while Trump has continued to lash out at Beijing for not doing enough to rein in an aggressive Pyongyang and threatened to go it alone against the North with the military option being on the table, the truth is that there are very few realistic options available for Washington to explore. China, which accounts for nearly 70 per cent of Pyongyang’s trade, says that its influence over North Korea is overstated by Washington. It has consistently argued that it is Washington’s aggression, such as the recent joint military drills with Seoul in the region, which is making it difficult to bring Pyongyang to the negotiating table. Beijing has reportedly proposed a "double halt" approach, with all sides dialing down the aggression. But that’s a concept that the US State Department has already dismissed. If for argument's sake, we assume that Trump is correct and that Beijing can do more to contain North Korea, but has been shirking that responsibility, then what is it that Washington can offer to encourage a policy shift? In an interview to the Financial Times ahead of Xi’s visit, Trump is quoted as saying “trade is the incentive. It’s all about trade”. But given that the US trade deficit with China stands at $347 billion, a figure that Trump has promised to bring down, what sort of incentives can Trump realistically offer? Perhaps, we’ll all have a better idea by April 6. But from assessing what we’ve seen so far, don’t hold your breath: Trump isn’t likely to follow up on the tough talk with serious action or a grand bargain just yet. (WION)

Xi-Trump summit talks: Washington can't ignore a resurgent China

<p>History is tricky business. Often it requires breaking a continuum at different points to demarcate the beginning or end of eras. This week is one such inflection point that future historians are likely to look back at to mark the beginning of a new dynamic in the world order.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>With Donald Trump set to take charge in the Oval Office, on a bitterly cold day in the Swiss town of Davos, the leader of the world&rsquo;s largest Communist Party, Xi Jinping of China pitched himself as the next standard bearer of globalisation and the liberal economic order.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Delivering the opening plenary speech at the World Economic Forum, Chinese President Xi Jinping hinted more clearly than ever before that Beijing is ready to move on from Deng Xiaoping&rsquo;s vision of tao guang yang hui &ndash; roughly meaning: keep a low profile and bide your time while things get accomplished.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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<h5>Beijing is ready to move on from Deng Xiaoping&rsquo;s vision of tao guang yang hui &ndash; roughly meaning: keep a low profile and bide your time while things get accomplished</h5>
</blockquote>
</div>

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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&ldquo;We must remain committed to developing global free trade and investment, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation through opening-up and say no to protectionism. Pursuing protectionism is like locking oneself in a dark room. While wind and rain may be kept outside, that dark room will also block light and air. No one will emerge as a winner in a trade war,&rdquo; Xi proclaimed to applause, chiding critics of globalisation.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>A day later, Xi met United Nations General Assembly President Peter Thomson and new Secretary-General Antonio Guterres at the UN office in Geneva, pledging Beijing&rsquo;s commitment to the organisation.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&quot;The interests of all nations are connected, while their future is shared. The old way of chasing profits and hegemony must be banished, and should be replaced with a new pattern of using rules and institutions to better coordinate relationships and interests,&rdquo; Chinese state media quoted him as saying.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Guterres and Thomson lauded those remarks as indicative of China&rsquo;s reaffirmation to multilateralism.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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<h5>Ever since winning the elections, Trump has indicated that he intends to act on his protectionist campaign promises</h5>
</blockquote>
</div>

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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>In both Davos and Geneva, although Xi mentioned no names, the target of his rhetoric was clear. Ever since winning the elections, Trump has indicated that he intends to act on his protectionist campaign promises.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Apart from the much-talked about border wall, which Trump says Mexico will pay for, he has threatened carmakers like Toyota, General Motors, Ford and BMW with a border tax for manufacturing abroad and selling in the US. He&rsquo;s also spoken about re-negotiating NAFTA and junking the Trans-Pacific Trade Partnership agreement. Added to that, he has vowed to get tougher on immigration, even for skilled workers, by raising the bar for H1-B visa applicants.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Trump&rsquo;s rhetoric has not just been protectionist but also anti-multilateralism bordering on isolationism, at least in the context of long-standing American commitments in the global arena. From terming NATO &ldquo;obsolete,&rdquo; predicting the break-up of the EU and calling it an institution that serves German interests, to dismissing the UN as a &ldquo;club&rdquo; for people to &ldquo;have a good time,&rdquo; Trump has indicated that he wants US allies to carry their own weight.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>It is this perceived pullback that the Chinese president is looking to capitalise on. For instance, in November, as the US was debating the outcome of the presidential election, Xi traveled to South America.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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<h5>Although data shows that South America&rsquo;s trade with China creates fewer jobs per dollar worth of exports, Beijing is looking to change that.</h5>
</blockquote>
</div>

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<div class="share-blockquote"><a class="twitter popup" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Although data shows that South America?s trade with China creates fewer jobs per dollar worth of exports, Beijing is looking to change that." target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-share">&nbsp;</i></a></div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Beijing&rsquo;s economic ties with the region have largely been in the context of raw materials and investments in infrastructure. China buys raw materials such as oil, minerals like copper and soybeans from Latin America. Its share in overall South American trade has climbed steadily since 2000. While the US&rsquo;s share remains the largest, it has steadily declined. Moreover, although data shows that South America&rsquo;s trade with China creates fewer jobs per dollar worth of exports, Beijing is looking to change that.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>China is promising investments in oil and energy sectors, such as the Coca Codo Sinclair hydroelectric station in Ecuador or the Shanghai-based Envision Energy&rsquo;s proposed wind farms in Argentina, along with undertaking mega infrastructure projects, such as the proposed 3,300-mile-long transcontinental railroad.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Beijing has been employing a similar approach elsewhere too. For instance, reports suggest that Africa is likely to slide down the new US administration&rsquo;s priority list, with Trump questioning aid and security commitments along with the African Growth and Opportunity Act, which eliminated US import levies on 7,000 African products. China, meanwhile, is expanding its engagement in the region, ever since it overtook the United States as Africa&rsquo;s top trade partner in 2009.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Estimates value China-Africa trade to be nearly 170 billion US dollars in 2015, dipping from over 200 billion US dollars in 2014. Chinese exports to Africa in 2015 reached 103 billion US dollars, which far outstrips the 27-billion-dollars worth of exports from the US.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>In addition, many China-funded infrastructure projects in Africa, such as the Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway and the Abuja-Kaduna standard gauge railway in Nigeria, were completed in 2016. During his visit to the region at the beginning of 2017, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi also extended an invite to African nations to join Beijing&rsquo;s foreign policy cornerstone Belt and Road initiative.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Chinese media reports suggest that already 40 countries and organizations have signed deals in connection with the Belt and Road initiative, with Chinese investment in countries along the routes having surpassed 50 billion US dollars. In addition, the China-led 57-member Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has already approved nine major projects in the last year, lending 1.7 billion US dollars, surpassing its initial target of 1.2 billion US dollars.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Added to that, with Trump indicating a US reversal on the TPP, Beijing is keen on pressing ahead with the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which brings together ASEAN members and its six FTA partners - China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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<h5>China&rsquo;s attempts to cement its position as a leader of the multilateral liberal economic order hinge&nbsp;on crucial changes in its domestic economic policy.</h5>
</blockquote>
</div>

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<div class="share-blockquote"><a class="twitter popup" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=China?s attempts to cement its position as a leader of the multilateral liberal economic order hinge?on crucial changes in its domestic economic policy." target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-share">&nbsp;</i></a></div>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, China&rsquo;s attempts to cement its position as a leader of the multilateral liberal economic order hinge&nbsp;on crucial changes in its domestic economic policy. First, Chinese growth is slowing, with GDP growth estimates for 2017 down to 6.5 per cent - the lowest in over 25 years. If that trend continues, it will place a serious question mark on Beijing&rsquo;s ability to use its economic muscle to sway countries in its favour.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Second, while Chinese banks extended a record 12.56 trillion yuan (roughly $1.83 trillion) of loans in 2016, growing debt, particularly corporate debt with state-owned enterprises, remains a major concern. In a recent assessment, the IMF warned that China&rsquo;s total debt rose to 247 per cent of its GDP in 2015. The economic slowdown and rising debt, along with external factors, are also contributing to the yuan&rsquo;s depreciation.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Lastly, any attempts at leading the liberal economic order will require China to further ease access to its domestic markets. China still hasn&rsquo;t been accorded &lsquo;market economy status&rsquo; at the WTO and the recent 2016 Enabling Trade Index published by the WEF ranks China 121 out of 136 countries in terms of domestic market access, estimating average applied tariffs of 11.1 per cent.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Given the above, delivering on the rhetorical flourishes in Switzerland will require Xi Jinping to addresses domestic economic challenges, along with managing political tensions with countries like India, Japan and claimants in the South China Sea dispute.</p>


China chides critics of globalisation, 'No one will emerge as a winner in a trade war'

History is tricky business. Often it requires breaking a continuum at different points to demarcate the beginning or end of eras. This week is one such inflection point that future historians are likely to look back at to mark the beginning of a new dynamic in the world order. With Donald Trump set to take charge in the Oval Office, on a bitterly cold day in the Swiss town of Davos, the leader of the world’s largest Communist Party, Xi Jinping of China pitched himself as the next standard bearer of globalisation and the liberal economic order. Delivering the opening plenary speech at the World Economic Forum, Chinese President Xi Jinping hinted more clearly than ever before that Beijing is ready to move on from Deng Xiaoping’s vision of tao guang yang hui – roughly meaning: keep a low profile and bide your time while things get accomplished. Beijing is ready to move on from Deng Xiaoping’s vision of tao guang yang hui – roughly meaning: keep a low profile and bide your time while things get accomplished × “We must remain committed to developing global free trade and investment, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation through opening-up and say no to protectionism. Pursuing protectionism is like locking oneself in a dark room. While wind and rain may be kept outside, that dark room will also block light and air. No one will emerge as a winner in a trade war,” Xi proclaimed to applause, chiding critics of globalisation. A day later, Xi met United Nations General Assembly President Peter Thomson and new Secretary-General Antonio Guterres at the UN office in Geneva, pledging Beijing’s commitment to the organisation. "The interests of all nations are connected, while their future is shared. The old way of chasing profits and hegemony must be banished, and should be replaced with a new pattern of using rules and institutions to better coordinate relationships and interests,” Chinese state media quoted him as saying. Guterres and Thomson lauded those remarks as indicative of China’s reaffirmation to multilateralism. Ever since winning the elections, Trump has indicated that he intends to act on his protectionist campaign promises × In both Davos and Geneva, although Xi mentioned no names, the target of his rhetoric was clear. Ever since winning the elections, Trump has indicated that he intends to act on his protectionist campaign promises. Apart from the much-talked about border wall, which Trump says Mexico will pay for, he has threatened carmakers like Toyota, General Motors, Ford and BMW with a border tax for manufacturing abroad and selling in the US. He’s also spoken about re-negotiating NAFTA and junking the Trans-Pacific Trade Partnership agreement. Added to that, he has vowed to get tougher on immigration, even for skilled workers, by raising the bar for H1-B visa applicants. Trump’s rhetoric has not just been protectionist but also anti-multilateralism bordering on isolationism, at least in the context of long-standing American commitments in the global arena. From terming NATO “obsolete,” predicting the break-up of the EU and calling it an institution that serves German interests, to dismissing the UN as a “club” for people to “have a good time,” Trump has indicated that he wants US allies to carry their own weight. It is this perceived pullback that the Chinese president is looking to capitalise on. For instance, in November, as the US was debating the outcome of the presidential election, Xi traveled to South America. Although data shows that South America’s trade with China creates fewer jobs per dollar worth of exports, Beijing is looking to change that. × Beijing’s economic ties with the region have largely been in the context of raw materials and investments in infrastructure. China buys raw materials such as oil, minerals like copper and soybeans from Latin America. Its share in overall South American trade has climbed steadily since 2000. While the US’s share remains the largest, it has steadily declined. Moreover, although data shows that South America’s trade with China creates fewer jobs per dollar worth of exports, Beijing is looking to change that. China is promising investments in oil and energy sectors, such as the Coca Codo Sinclair hydroelectric station in Ecuador or the Shanghai-based Envision Energy’s proposed wind farms in Argentina, along with undertaking mega infrastructure projects, such as the proposed 3,300-mile-long transcontinental railroad. Beijing has been employing a similar approach elsewhere too. For instance, reports suggest that Africa is likely to slide down the new US administration’s priority list, with Trump questioning aid and security commitments along with the African Growth and Opportunity Act, which eliminated US import levies on 7,000 African products. China, meanwhile, is expanding its engagement in the region, ever since it overtook the United States as Africa’s top trade partner in 2009. Estimates value China-Africa trade to be nearly 170 billion US dollars in 2015, dipping from over 200 billion US dollars in 2014. Chinese exports to Africa in 2015 reached 103 billion US dollars, which far outstrips the 27-billion-dollars worth of exports from the US. In addition, many China-funded infrastructure projects in Africa, such as the Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway and the Abuja-Kaduna standard gauge railway in Nigeria, were completed in 2016. During his visit to the region at the beginning of 2017, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi also extended an invite to African nations to join Beijing’s foreign policy cornerstone Belt and Road initiative. Chinese media reports suggest that already 40 countries and organizations have signed deals in connection with the Belt and Road initiative, with Chinese investment in countries along the routes having surpassed 50 billion US dollars. In addition, the China-led 57-member Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has already approved nine major projects in the last year, lending 1.7 billion US dollars, surpassing its initial target of 1.2 billion US dollars. Added to that, with Trump indicating a US reversal on the TPP, Beijing is keen on pressing ahead with the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which brings together ASEAN members and its six FTA partners - China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand. China’s attempts to cement its position as a leader of the multilateral liberal economic order hinge on crucial changes in its domestic economic policy. × However, China’s attempts to cement its position as a leader of the multilateral liberal economic order hinge on crucial changes in its domestic economic policy. First, Chinese growth is slowing, with GDP growth estimates for 2017 down to 6.5 per cent - the lowest in over 25 years. If that trend continues, it will place a serious question mark on Beijing’s ability to use its economic muscle to sway countries in its favour. Second, while Chinese banks extended a record 12.56 trillion yuan (roughly $1.83 trillion) of loans in 2016, growing debt, particularly corporate debt with state-owned enterprises, remains a major concern. In a recent assessment, the IMF warned that China’s total debt rose to 247 per cent of its GDP in 2015. The economic slowdown and rising debt, along with external factors, are also contributing to the yuan’s depreciation. Lastly, any attempts at leading the liberal economic order will require China to further ease access to its domestic markets. China still hasn’t been accorded ‘market economy status’ at the WTO and the recent 2016 Enabling Trade Index published by the WEF ranks China 121 out of 136 countries in terms of domestic market access, estimating average applied tariffs of 11.1 per cent. Given the above, delivering on the rhetorical flourishes in Switzerland will require Xi Jinping to addresses domestic economic challenges, along with managing political tensions with countries like India, Japan and claimants in the South China Sea dispute.

China: The new face of globalisation

Author

Zee News Rajasthan

Editor

Manoj Kewalramani

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