The Koh-i-Noor diamond, one of the most famous and controversial gemstones in history, has a legacy shrouded in mystery, power struggles, and tales of misfortune.
The Koh-i-Noor, which means "Mountain of Light" in Persian, is believed to have been mined in India, possibly from the Kollur Mine in the Golconda region. It first appeared in recorded history in the early 14th century as part of the treasures of the Kakatiya dynasty.
Legends say that the diamond carries a curse that brings misfortune and death to any male who possesses it, while it bestows good luck on female owners.
The diamond came into the possession of the Mughal emperors and was part of the Peacock Throne of Shah Jahan. Aurangzeb, a Mughal emperor, is said to have had the diamond embedded in his throne, which later led to various conflicts over its ownership.
In 1739, Persian ruler Nader Shah invaded Delhi, defeating the Mughal emperor and looting the city. He took the Koh-i-Noor back to Persia, where it acquired its current name.
After Nader Shah’s assassination, the diamond changed hands several times, eventually coming into the possession of Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan. In the early 19th century, it was acquired by Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire, after defeating the Afghans.
Following the British annexation of Punjab in 1849, the diamond was ceded to Queen Victoria under the Treaty of Lahore. It was displayed at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851 but failed to impress due to its dull appearance.
Prince Albert, Queen Victoria’s consort, had the diamond recut to enhance its brilliance, reducing its weight significantly. It was set in the crowns of several British queens, including Queen Victoria, Queen Alexandra, Queen Mary, and currently, the Queen Mother’s crown.
The diamond has come to symbolise the exploitation and plunder associated with British colonial rule. Its legacy is viewed differently across cultures- a magnificent jewel in Britain, and a symbol of colonial oppression and cultural loss in India.