Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
UTIs are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract through the urethra and multiplying in the bladder.
Factors that can increase the risk of developing UTIs include sexual activity, certain types of birth control, menopause, urinary tract abnormalities, blockages in the urinary tract, a suppressed immune system, catheter use, and a recent urinary procedure.
Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, a physical examination, and a urine test to check for the presence of bacteria or white blood cells.
Treatment usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Drinking plenty of water can also help flush out the bacteria.
Preventive measures include staying hydrated, urinating after intercourse, practicing good hygiene, avoiding irritating feminine products, and wearing breathable cotton underwear.