Spicy foods can relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and irritate an already inflamed esophagus. It can worsen heartburn symptoms.
Citrus fruits like oranges, grapefruits, lemons and limes are highly acidic and can trigger heartburn, especially if consumed on an empty stomach.
Tomatoes and foods made with tomatoes, such as salsa and marinara sauce, are acidic and can cause heartburn.
Chocolate contains ingredients like cacao and caffeine that can relax the LES and increase esophageal exposure to acid, leading to heartburn.
Alcohol can relax the LES, allowing stomach acid to escape into the esophagus and cause heartburn.