Pro-tem primarily means temporary or 'for the time being'.
In India, the speaker of the Lok Sabha has certain duties related to the daily functioning of the House.
According to Article 94 of the Indian Constitution, "Whenever the House of the People is dissolved, the Speaker shall not vacate his office until immediately before the first meeting of the House of the People after the dissolution."
The speaker of the Lok Sabha is decided by a simple majority (more than 50% of the members present and voting).
Till the time the permanent speaker of the house is elected, a temporary, or a 'pro-tem' speaker, is appointed who carries out important tasks for the smooth functioning of the Lok Sabha.
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