Founded by its current leader Mamata Banerjee on January 1, 1988, as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress (INC), TMC is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal.
Founded in 1966 by Bal Thackeray, the party is currently being led by Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde and has been in power since 2019. It will contest the upcoming election as a part of the ruling BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in Maharashtra.
Founded on October 4, 1992, the party is a socialist political party in India. The SP is largely based in the state of Uttar Pradesh and is being led by former Chief Minister of UP, Akhilesh Yadav. It has joined the opposition INDIA bloc to contest the upcoming general elections.
JD(U) has some influence in eastern and northeastern states in India and is recognised as a state party in Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. The party leads the Bihar government under Chief Minister Nitish Kumar.
Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) is led by former Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray. It was formed in 2022 after separating from the main Shiv Sena that year. The party was allotted a new symbol and name by the Election Commission and is a part of the opposition INDIA bloc.